
                                   ----------
                         Model 4 Emulator Documentation
          copyright (c) 1997-2004 by Matthew Reed, all rights reserved

                               TABLE OF CONTENTS

    * Introduction
         * Features
         * Installation
         * Contents of the .ZIP files
    * Operation
         * Keyboard
         * Delay menu (F5)
         * Snapshot menu (F6)
         * Virtual disk menu (F8)
         * Option menu #1 (F9)
         * Option menu #2 (SHIFT F9)
         * Debugger (F7)
    * Features present in the registered version only
         * HDFORMAT.EXE
         * HARD/CMD
         * CLOCKSET/CMD
         * MOUSE/CMD
         * TRSREAD.EXE
         * TRSWRITE.EXE
    * Registration

  Free distribution of the shareware version of this emulator is encouraged,
  or distribution for a small handling fee, provided that the original .ZIP
  file (M4V10.ZIP) remains intact. If you enjoy using this program, then you
  should register and receive the full version (see the Registration section
  for more information).

  Distribution of the registered version of this emulator (M410REG.ZIP) is not
  allowed under any circumstances.

  The ROM image (MODEL4.ROM) required to use Model 3 mode in the registered
  version of this emulator is not included in this package.

                                   ----------

                                  INTRODUCTION

  This program emulates a popular early microcomputer, the TRS-80 Model 4. It
  is an extremely fast emulation, written and optimized from the ground up in
  80386 assembly language. The unregistered shareware version of the program
  emulates a 64K Model 4 with four floppy disk drives. The registered version
  adds support for Model 3 mode, the 128K memory upgrade, a high resolution
  graphics board, a virtual hard drive, a hardware clock, and RS-232
  communications.

  Either version of the Model 4 emulator will run on an IBM-compatible
  computer with an 80386 or better processor, 640K of memory, MS-DOS 3.0 or
  higher, VGA graphics, and a hard drive. A parallel printer and Sound
  Blaster-compatible sound card are optional. If you want to read physical
  TRS-80 disks using the emulator, your computer will need an
  appropriately-sized disk drive (usually 5 1/4") and a capable floppy disk
  controller.

                                   ----------

                                    Features

  M4.EXE emulates a Model 4 with the following hardware:

    * Z-80 microprocessor (including all undocumented instructions) with 64K
      (unregistered shareware version) or 128K (registered version) of RAM
    * FD1793 floppy disk controller
    * 4 double-sided double-density 80 track drives
    * Hard disk drive, with capacity of up to 13 megabytes (registered version
      only)
    * Real time clock interrupt (30 ms in Model 3 mode, 60 ms in Model 4 mode)
    * Hardware clock (registered version only)
    * 80 by 24 screen with double-wide mode
    * 64 by 16 screen with double-wide mode in Model 3 mode (registered
      version only)
    * High resolution graphics board (Micro-Labs or Radio Shack, registered
      version only)
    * Parallel printer port (only with PC parallel printer)
    * Amplifier for sound output (through PC speaker or Sound Blaster card)
    * RS-232 communications port (registered version only)
    * Mouse driver (registered version only)

  Obviously, no emulation can ever achieve complete software and hardware
  compatibility, but this emulator comes very close. It has been able to run
  all of the operating systems and applications software I have tried,
  including the latest versions of LS-DOS, MULTIDOS for the Model 4, DOSPLUS
  for the Model 4, Montezuma Micro CP/M, LeScript, Allwrite, Scripsit Pro,
  PRO-MRAS, PRO-EnhComp, and many more.

  The character sets used in this emulator include all of the characters in
  the Model 4 (and Model 3) character sets, including the international
  characters (with the exception of the kanji characters). The emulator also
  supports a double-wide display in both 80 by 24 and 64 by 16 modes.

                                   ----------

                                  Installation

  To install the Model 4 emulator, create a directory for it on your hard
  drive and unzip the file M4V10.ZIP (unregistered shareware version) or
  M410REG.ZIP (registered version) into it. This directory should also hold
  any virtual disk files you want to use.

  If you have the registered version of the emulator and plan to use Model 3
  mode, you should also create a MODEL4.ROM file and place it in this
  directory. There are two ways to create MODEL4.ROM:

   1. If you have a virtual disk image of LS-DOS 6.3.1, use the TRSREAD
      program (supplied with the registered version of the emulator) to
      extract the file MODELA/III. Copy it into your Model 4 emulator
      directory and rename it MODEL4.ROM.
   2. If you have a real Model 4, start it up in Model 3 mode using an
      operating system such as LDOS. Go into BASIC, then type and run the
      following program:

        10 OPEN "O",1,"MODEL4/ROM"
        20 FOR X=0 TO &H37FF:PRINT#1,CHR$(PEEK(X));:NEXT X
        30 CLOSE 1

  Of course, there must be enough room on an available drive to hold this
  file. You will then need a means to transfer the file to your PC, such as
  TRSREAD (supplied with the registered version of the emulator) or a null
  modem transfer.

                                   ----------

                           Contents of the .ZIP Files

  The unregistered shareware version of the emulator is distributed as
  M4V10.ZIP, containing the following files:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | M4.EXE      | The unregistered shareware version of   |
           |             | the emulator                            |
           |-------------+-----------------------------------------|
           | M4.TXT      | This document file                      |
           |-------------+-----------------------------------------|
           | README.TXT  | Any last-minute information that did    |
           |             | not make it into M4.TXT                 |
           |-------------+-----------------------------------------|
           | FILE_ID.DIZ | A descriptive file used by some FTP     |
           |             | sites and bulletin board systems        |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

  The registered version of the emulator is distributed as M410REG.ZIP,
  containing the following files:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | M4.EXE       | The registered version of the emulator |
           |--------------+----------------------------------------|
           | M4.TXT       | This document file                     |
           |--------------+----------------------------------------|
           | README.TXT   | Any last-minute information that did   |
           |              | not make it into M4.TXT                |
           |--------------+----------------------------------------|
           | UTILITY.DSK  | The hard disk driver, clock-setting    |
           |              | utility, and mouse driver (to be used  |
           |              | within the emulator)                   |
           |--------------+----------------------------------------|
           | HDFORMAT.EXE | An MS-DOS utility that creates the     |
           |              | hard disk image file                   |
           |--------------+----------------------------------------|
           | TRSREAD.EXE  | An MS-DOS utility to extract files     |
           |              | from TRS-80 virtual disk files and     |
           |              | real TRS-80 disks                      |
           |--------------+----------------------------------------|
           | TRSWRITE.EXE | An MS-DOS utility to copy MS-DOS files |
           |              | into TRS-80 virtual disk files and     |
           |              | onto real TRS-80 disks                 |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

                                   ----------

                                   Operation

  To start the Model 4 emulator, just type M4 at the MS-DOS prompt. On its
  first run, the emulator will calculate your machine speed and create a
  configuration file (M4.CFG) in the current directory. Subsequently, the
  emulator will read your machine speed and other options you have selected
  from that configuration file.

  After the emulator displays its startup screen, it will wait for you to
  press a key. The first time you use the emulator, you will not have any
  virtual disk files "mounted" in the virtual drives, so it will prompt you to
  press F8 and do so.

  To exit the emulator, press SHIFT F7 and answer the question with a "Y" (for
  "Yes").

                                   ----------

                                    Keyboard

  Only a few "hot keys" are needed to control the emulator. If you press any
  of these hot keys by accident (except for SHIFT F8), press ESC to return to
  the emulation.

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | F5       | Invokes the delay menu (described later).  |
           |----------+--------------------------------------------|
           | F6       | Invokes the snapshot menu (described       |
           |          | later).                                    |
           |----------+--------------------------------------------|
           | F7       | Invokes the debugger (described later).    |
           |----------+--------------------------------------------|
           | SHIFT F7 | Exits the emulator. You will be asked if   |
           |          | you are sure. If you really want to exit   |
           |          | the emulator, press "Y"; otherwise, press  |
           |          | "N".                                       |
           |----------+--------------------------------------------|
           | F8       | Invokes the virtual disk menu (described   |
           |          | later).                                    |
           |----------+--------------------------------------------|
           | SHIFT F8 | Resets the emulator, much like pressing    |
           |          | the orange reset button on a real Model 4. |
           |----------+--------------------------------------------|
           | F9       | Invokes option menu #1 (described later).  |
           |----------+--------------------------------------------|
           | SHIFT F9 | Invokes option menu #2 (described later)   |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

  The other keys on the PC keyboard are mapped to their appropriate Model 4
  counterparts. This means that most of the keys you press will produce the
  character that you expect. (The exception is the TRS-80 keyboard layout,
  described later.) The following keys have special mappings, no matter which
  keyboard layout you are using:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | F10 and ESC:               | BREAK                    |
           |----------------------------+--------------------------|
           | ALT and HOME:              | CLEAR                    |
           |----------------------------+--------------------------|
           | BACKSPACE:                 | Left arrow               |
           |----------------------------+--------------------------|
           | END:                       | @ (at sign)              |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

  One of the biggest differences between the PC keyboard and the Model 4
  keyboard is the shifted number values. For instance, SHIFT and 8 on a PC
  generates an asterisk (*), but on a Model 4 it generates a left parenthesis
  [(]. One way around this is to use the TRS-80 keyboard layout (described
  later), but another is to use the numeric keypad. With the NUMLOCK state on,
  pressing a key on the numeric keypad will generate a number, but if you
  press SHIFT and a number on the keypad, the result will be the same as if
  you had pressed SHIFT and a number on the Model 4 keyboard. For instance,
  pressing SHIFT and 8 on the numeric keypad will generate a left parenthesis
  [(], just like it would on a real Model 4.

                                   ----------

                                Delay Menu (F5)

  The Model 4 emulator automatically adjusts itself to as close to true Model
  4 speed as possible. However, there are times when this adjustment is not
  quite right, or when you want to run your emulated Model 4 faster or slower
  than normal. This is where the delay menu comes in.

  To invoke the delay menu, press F5. You will see a menu with a list of saved
  delays. To select an existing delay, use the up and down arrow keys to
  highlight the appropriate name, then press ENTER.

  To modify an existing delay, use the up and down arrow keys to highlight the
  appropriate name, then use the left and right arrow keys to adjust the delay
  value. Then press ENTER.

  To delete the highlighted delay, press D.

  To create a new delay, press N. Then type a name for the delay and press
  ENTER. Now you can change the delay value using the left and right arrow
  keys.

  To exit from the delay menu, press ENTER or ESC.

                                   ----------

                               Snapshot Menu (F6)

  Note: Snapshot support is included in the registered version of the emulator
  only.

  A snapshot is a saved image of the emulated Model 4 at a particular point in
  time. You can be in the middle of an application (or a game), save a
  snapshot, exit the emulator, and turn off the computer. At some later time,
  when you re-enter the emulator and load that snapshot, you will be right
  back where you were, as though you had never left the machine.

  (Note: Snapshots can be a very satisfying and helpful feature when you are
  playing a complicated game that does not have a "save game" option!)

  To invoke the snapshot menu, press F6. You will see a directory of snapshot
  files (they have a .SNP extension). To save a snapshot, press S. You now
  have three options:

   1. Press ESC to exit without saving a snapshot.
   2. Type the filename of the snapshot you want to save, then press ENTER.
      (You do not need to include the .SNP extension.)
   3. Press TAB to switch to directory mode, then use the arrow keys to
      highlight the snapshot filename you want to use. Then press ENTER.

  Note that if you save a snapshot under the same filename as a previous
  snapshot, the previous snapshot will be erased.

  To load a snapshot, press L. Again, you now have three options:

   1. Press ESC to exit without loading a snapshot.
   2. Type the filename of the snapshot you want to load, then press ENTER.
      (You do not need to include the .SNP extension.)
   3. Press TAB to switch to directory mode, then use the arrow keys to
      highlight the snapshot you want to load. Then press ENTER.

  To exit from the snapshot menu, press ENTER or ESC.

                                   ----------

                             Virtual Disk Menu (F8)

  To invoke the virtual disk menu, press F8. You will see a menu with a
  directory display of virtual disk files at the top and a listing of virtual
  drives at the bottom. To place a virtual disk file in a virtual drive, press
  the number of the virtual drive (zero to three). You now have three options:

   1. Type the filename of the virtual disk file and press ENTER. (You do not
      need to include the .DSK extension.) If the virtual disk file does not
      exist, you will be asked if you want to create it. If you do want to
      create a new virtual disk file, remember that the new file is like a
      new, unformatted floppy disk. You will have to format it with the
      operating system of your choice before you can use it with the emulator.
   2. Press TAB to select a virtual disk file from the directory display. Use
      the arrow keys to highlight your selection. To change subdirectories,
      highlight the appropriate subdirectory name and press ENTER. When you
      have highlighted the proper virtual disk file, press ENTER.
   3. Press ENTER or ESC without typing anything else to leave the virtual
      drive empty.

  To map a virtual drive to an actual PC drive, press the number of the
  virtual drive. Then type A: or B: (depending on which PC drive you want to
  use) and press ENTER.

  To write protect a virtual drive, hold down the SHIFT key, then press the
  number of the virtual drive.

  To reboot the emulator from within the virtual disk menu, press R.
  Otherwise, press ENTER or ESC to exit from the virtual disk menu.

  Remember to treat virtual disk files with the same care as you would treat
  real TRS-80 disks. Don't swap virtual disks while the virtual drives are
  being accessed, and don't remove the system disk from virtual drive zero.
  Also, be aware that the emulator will not allow the same virtual disk file
  to be mounted in more than one virtual drive at a time.

  IMPORTANT NOTE: LS-DOS requires that you turn on support for drives 2 and 3
  before you can use them. Use these commands from the "LS-DOS Ready" prompt:

    SYSTEM (DRIVE=2,ENABLE)
    SYSTEM (DRIVE=3,ENABLE)

  These commands can be SYSGENed, if you wish (use the LS-DOS HELP command for
  more information).

                                   ----------

                              Option Menu #1 (F9)

  To invoke option menu #1, press F9. You will see a list of options
  (described below). To select an option, press its first letter (except for
  the Volume option - see below). To exit from option menu #1, press ENTER or
  ESC.

  Sound
     This option controls how sound sent to the Model 4 speaker and cassette
     port is handled. If Sound is set to "disabled", all Model 4 sound is
     discarded. If Sound is set to "PC Speaker" or "Sound Blaster", all Model
     4 sound is played through the appropriate device.

  Volume
     This option is applicable only if Sound is set to "Sound Blaster" (see
     above). It controls how loud the Sound Blaster sound will be played.
     Higher numbers represent louder sound. To increase the volume, press V or
     the plus sign (+). To decrease the volume, press the minus sign (-).

  Printer port
     This option controls where Model 4 printer output is sent. If Printer
     port is set to "none", all printer output is discarded (but the Model 4
     applications doing the printing will think the job was successful). If
     Printer port is set to "LPT1", "LPT2", or "LPT3", all printer output is
     sent to the appropriate device.

  LF after CR
     This option is important only if printer output is being sent to an
     actual device. Most TRS-80 printers were set up to require only a CR
     (ASCII 13) at the end of a printed line. PC printers require a CR, LF
     combination (ASCII 13 followed by ASCII 10). If LF after CR is set to
     "enabled", the emulator will convert TRS-80 style printer output to PC
     style printer output. If LF after CR is set to "disabled", no conversion
     is performed.

  RS-232 port
     This option is supported in the registered version of the emulator only.
     It controls which PC communications port should be used as the TRS-80
     communications port. Available options are "none", "COM1", and "COM2".
     The unregistered shareware version of the emulator does not have RS-232
     support and sets this option to "none".

  Keyboard
     This option controls which keyboard layout to use. The available options
     are "United States", "United Kingdom", "Germany", "Netherlands",
     "France", and "TRS-80". The first five options map keys on the PC
     keyboard to appropriate equivalents on the Model 4 keyboard. The "TRS-80"
     option maps PC keys to their physical position on the TRS-80 keyboard
     (SHIFT 2 produces a double quote ["], SHIFT 7 produces a single quote
     ['], etc.). The "TRS-80" option also uses these special keys:

              +----------------------------------------------------+
              | Left backet ([)                | Left arrow        |
              |--------------------------------+-------------------|
              | Right bracket (])              | Right arrow       |
              |--------------------------------+-------------------|
              | Reverse single quote (`)       | Up arrow          |
              |--------------------------------+-------------------|
              | TAB                            | Down arrow        |
              +----------------------------------------------------+

     When an international keyboard is selected, any keys that produce symbols
     that can't be generated by a real Model 4 keyboard are ignored. In the
     "German" layout, some other keys, such as the accented vowels, produce
     the codes that were commonly used for Model 4 word processing. They may
     look wrong on screen, but will print out correctly with the proper
     printer setup.

                                   ----------

                           Option Menu #2 (SHIFT F9)

  To invoke option menu #2, press SHIFT F9. You will see a list of options
  (described below). To select an option, press its first letter. To exit from
  option menu #2, press ENTER or ESC.

  Foreground
     This option cycles through the foreground colors that the emulator will
     display. Note that the foreground color can't be the same as the
     background color.

  Background
     This option cycles through the background colors that the emulator will
     display. Again, note that the background color can't be the same as the
     foreground color.

  Character set
     This option selects the character set to be used by the emulated Model 4.
     There are two settings: "early" and "later". The "early" character set
     was used in in the Model 3 and early Model 4's. The "later" character set
     was used in later Model 4's and includes the international characters.

  HALT state
     This option changes the action of the HALT instruction (76H). There are
     two settings: "normal" and "enter debugger".

  Interrupt rate
     This option controls the interrupt rate of the emulated Model 4. The
     available options are "United States (60)" and "International (50)".

  Graphics board
     This option is supported in the registered version of the emulator only.
     It specifies which high resolution graphics board will be emulated. The
     available options are "none", "Micro-Labs", and "Radio Shack".
     The unregistered shareware version of the emulator does not have high
     resolution graphics support and sets this option to "none".

  Memory
     This option is supported in the registered version of the emulator only.
     It specifies how much memory is available in the emulated Model 4. The
     available options are "64K" and "128K".
     The unregistered shareware version of the emulator sets this option to
     "64K".

                                   ----------

                                 Debugger (F7)

  I wrote the built-in debugger primarily to help debug the Z-80 emulation,
  but it could also be useful to assembly language programmers. If you are
  familiar with the commands used by most TRS-80 debuggers, then you should
  feel right at home. If you enter the debugger accidentally, just press F7 or
  ESC to exit.

  Here are the commands:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | D address/register:            | Display memory at    |
           |                                | address or register  |
           |                                | address              |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | U address/register:            | Unassemble           |
           |                                | (disassemble)        |
           |                                | instructions at      |
           |                                | address or register  |
           |                                | address              |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | + (plus sign):                 | Increase memory      |
           |                                | display by 128 (if   |
           |                                | not viewing register |
           |                                | address)             |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | - (minus sign):                | Decrease memory      |
           |                                | display by 128 (if   |
           |                                | not viewing register |
           |                                | address)             |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | R register,value:              | Change register to   |
           |                                | value                |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | V:                             | View Model 4 screen  |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | I:                             | Single-step next     |
           |                                | instruction          |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | C:                             | Single-step next     |
           |                                | instruction or       |
           |                                | execute next CALL    |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | G address/register,breakpoint: | Leave the debugger,  |
           |                                | transferring control |
           |                                | to the address or    |
           |                                | register address. If |
           |                                | no address or        |
           |                                | register is          |
           |                                | specified, control   |
           |                                | is transferred to    |
           |                                | the address in       |
           |                                | register PC. If a    |
           |                                | breakpoint is        |
           |                                | specified, the       |
           |                                | debugger will        |
           |                                | restart when the     |
           |                                | breakpoint is        |
           |                                | reached.             |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | E number:                      | Execute the next     |
           |                                | number of            |
           |                                | instructions         |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | H register/address:            | Edit memory in       |
           |                                | hexadecimal starting |
           |                                | at register or       |
           |                                | address. Press ESC   |
           |                                | to exit the          |
           |                                | modification mode.   |
           |--------------------------------+----------------------|
           | A register/address:            | Edit memory in ASCII |
           |                                | starting at register |
           |                                | or address. Press    |
           |                                | ESC to exit the      |
           |                                | modification mode.   |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

                                   ----------

                Features Present in the Registered Version Only

  This section described features and utilities present in the registered
  version of the emulator only.

                                  HDFORMAT.EXE

  One of the more useful features of this emulator is its virtual hard drive
  support under LS-DOS (Model 4 mode) and LDOS (Model 3 mode). The virtual
  hard drive used by the emulator is actually an MS-DOS file (HARDDISK.HDV)
  containing the hard disk image (like normal virtual disk files, but on a
  larger scale). Like a real hard drive, the emulator's virtual hard drive
  must be formatted before it can be used. For this purpose, the emulator
  package includes HDFORMAT.EXE, an MS-DOS utility that performs the
  equivalent of both a low and high-level format.

  The easiest way to set up a virtual hard drive is to run HDFORMAT with no
  parameters. From an MS-DOS prompt (before you enter the emulator), type:

    HDFORMAT

  and press ENTER. HDFORMAT will automatically create a hard disk image file
  that is capable of storing around 5 megabytes. The image file will start out
  fairly small, but will grow in size as you add TRS-80 files to it.

  Why doesn't HDFORMAT create an image file with the maximum 13 megabytes of
  capacity? The reason is simple: the larger the hard drive, the greater the
  wasted space per file. On a 13 megabyte TRS-80 hard drive, every file will
  take up at least 8K, regardless of its actual size. This can lead to a great
  deal of wasted space and can cause the hard disk image file to become
  unnecessarily large. In addition, all TRS-80 operating systems limit the
  number of files per data disk to 254. This means that people with large hard
  drives sometimes found themselves with no more file slots, even though they
  still had plenty of free space on the drive. Of course, there were solutions
  to these problems, such as the MISOSYS DiskDISK program, which created
  virtual disk files on the TRS-80 hard drive (much the same way that the
  emulator creates virtual disk files on the PC hard drive); but if you aren't
  using any special software to manage your hard drive use, 5 megabytes is a
  good compromise between capacity and efficiency.

  If you want to create a larger hard disk image file, you will need to run
  HDFORMAT with a command line option:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | /? | Displays a brief help screen.                    |
           |----+--------------------------------------------------|
           | /V | Specifies the volume label to use when           |
           |    | formatting the hard disk (the default is         |
           |    | "HARDDISK").                                     |
           |----+--------------------------------------------------|
           | /M | Specifies the capacity of the hard disk image    |
           |    | file (from 5 to 13, to the nearest megabyte)     |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

  As an example, if you want to create a 13 megabyte hard drive with a volume
  label of "MYDRIVE", you should use this command line:

    HDFORMAT /M13 /V:MYDRIVE

  IMPORTANT NOTE: HDFORMAT is intended to be used only once, to create and
  format your hard disk image file. If you use it on a hard disk image that
  already contains files, all of those files will be erased. After you create
  the initial hard disk image, it might be a good idea to rename HDFORMAT.EXE,
  or remove it from your emulator directory altogether, just to make sure that
  it can't be accidentally invoked.

                                   ----------

                                    HARD/CMD

  The first utility on UTILITY.DSK, HARD/CMD, is a hard disk driver that works
  under either LS-DOS (Model 4 mode) or LDOS (Model 3 mode). It provides the
  linkage between the operating system and the hard drive emulation. As an
  added bonus, it also sets the operating system time and date.

  To install the driver, make sure UTILITY.DSK is mounted in one of the
  virtual drives. Then type:

    HARD

  at the "LS-DOS Ready" or "LDOS Ready" prompt and press ENTER. The hard disk
  driver will install itself and map the virtual hard drive as drive 4.
  Remember that before you install the hard disk driver, you must have set up
  the hard disk image file using HDFORMAT (see above for details). Also
  remember that HARD/CMD works only under LS-DOS and LDOS; it has not been
  tested to work under any other operating system.

  HARD/CMD has two possible command line options. Any options should be
  enclosed in parentheses, and if you use more than one option, separate them
  with commas, like this:

    HARD (DRIVE=5,QUIET)

  Here are the possible options:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | DRIVE | Specifies the desired hard drive number (the  |
           |       | default is 4)                                 |
           |-------+-----------------------------------------------|
           | QUIET | Hides all messages unless an error is         |
           |       | encountered (this is useful if you run        |
           |       | HARD/CMD as an AUTO command - see below)      |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

  Unlike HDFORMAT (described above), HARD/CMD should be run every time you
  want to use the virtual hard drive with LS-DOS or LDOS. HARD/CMD cannot be
  SYSGENed, but it can be run as an AUTO command. From the "LS-DOS Ready" or
  "LDOS Ready" prompt, type:

    AUTO HARD (QUIET)

  and press ENTER. From now on, whenever you start up LS-DOS or LDOS, the hard
  disk driver will automatically be installed.

                                   ----------

                                  CLOCKSET/CMD

  The second utility on UTILITY.DSK is CLOCKSET/CMD, which will set the TRS-80
  time and date. This program works with all TRS-80 Model 4 and Model 3
  operating systems. Since HARD/CMD (described above) also sets the time and
  date, CLOCKSET/CMD is primarily useful if you don't want to use a virtual
  hard drive, or if you use an operating system other than LS-DOS or LDOS.

  CLOCKSET/CMD has only one command line option:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | QUIET | Hides all messages unless an error occurs     |
           |       | (this is useful if you run CLOCKSET/CMD as an |
           |       | AUTO command - see below)                     |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

  If you use the QUIET option, it should be enclosed in parentheses, like
  this:

    CLOCKSET (QUIET)

  CLOCKSET/CMD needs to be run every time you start up your operating system.
  It cannot be SYSGENed, but it can be run as an AUTO command. Under most
  operating systems, if you type:

    AUTO CLOCKSET (QUIET)

  from the "DOS Ready" prompt, CLOCKSET/CMD will run automatically whenever
  your operating system starts up.

                                   ----------

                                   MOUSE/CMD

  The third utility on UTILITY.DSK is MOUSE/CMD, a Model 4 mouse driver that
  converts information from a PC mouse (serial or bus version) to a format
  that Model 4 mouse-aware programs can understand. Very few Model 4 programs
  use a mouse, but the ones that do (such as MDRAW, the freeware high
  resolution drawing program) can be very useful and fun.

  MOUSE/CMD has only one command line option:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | REMOVE | Disables the mouse driver and removes it     |
           |        | from memory (if possible)                    |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

  If you use the REMOVE option, it should be enclosed in parentheses, like
  this:

    MOUSE (REMOVE)

                                   ----------

                                  TRSREAD.EXE

  TRSREAD.EXE is an MS-DOS program that will read selected files from a TRS-80
  virtual disk file or a real TRS-80 disk and transfer them to MS-DOS files.
  The TRSREAD command line looks like this:

    TRSREAD [options] virtual_disk [files]

  The [options] and [files] on the command line are optional. Possible options
  are:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | -s    | Include system files                          |
           |-------+-----------------------------------------------|
           | -i    | Include invisible files                       |
           |-------+-----------------------------------------------|
           | -e    | Extract files from virtual disk               |
           |-------+-----------------------------------------------|
           | -v    | Display directory of virtual disk (default)   |
           |-------+-----------------------------------------------|
           | -8    | Use 80 track disk in 80 track drive           |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

  For example, to look at the directory of SAMPLE.DSK, the command line would
  look like this:

    TRSREAD SAMPLE

  You don't actually have to use the -v option, because it is the default, and
  you also don't need to specify the .DSK extension. However, if you would
  prefer, you could also use this command line to accomplish the same thing:

    TRSREAD -v SAMPLE.DSK

  To extract all files from SAMPLE.DSK that begin with the letter S, including
  invisible and system files. the command line would look like this (notice
  the use of MS-DOS style wildcards):

    TRSREAD -e-i-s SAMPLE S*.*

  To extract the visible, non-system files LETTER1/TXT, LETTER2/TXT, and
  ADDRESS/TXT from SAMPLE.DSK, the command line would look like this:

    TRSREAD -e SAMPLE LETTER1/TXT LETTER2/TXT ADDRESS/TXT

  To extract all visible, non-system files from the TRS-80 disk in PC drive
  A:, the command line would look like this:

    TRSREAD -e A: *.*

  Note that when files are extracted from virtual disk files or TRS-80 disks,
  the resulting files are always copied into the current MS-DOS directory.

                                   ----------

                                  TRSWRITE.EXE

  TRSWRITE.EXE is an MS-DOS program that will copy MS-DOS files into TRS-80
  virtual disk files or onto real TRS-80 disks. The TRSWRITE command line
  looks like this:

    TRSWRITE [option] virtual_disk file_or_wildcard

  There is only one possible option:

           +-------------------------------------------------------+
           | -8        | Use 80 track disk in 80 track drive       |
           +-------------------------------------------------------+

  For example, to copy the MS-DOS file LETTER1.TXT into the virtual disk file
  SAMPLE.DSK, the command line would look like this:

    TRSWRITE SAMPLE LETTER1.TXT

  To copy all files starting with B and with a .DOC extension onto the TRS-80
  disk in drive A:, the command line would look like this:

    TRSWRITE A: B*.DOC

  To copy the files LETTER1.TXT, LETTER2.TXT, and ADDRESS.TXT into SAMPLE.DSK
  would require three command lines:

    TRSWRITE SAMPLE LETTER1.TXT
    TRSWRITE SAMPLE LETTER2.TXT
    TRSWRITE SAMPLE ADDRESS.TXT

  Note that the files to be copied must exist in the current MS-DOS directory.

                                   ----------

                                  Registration

  The unregistered shareware version of the Model 4 emulator is a very
  powerful and capable program, but its features are limited compared to the
  registered version. Specifically, these features are available in the
  registered version of the emulator only:

    * Model 3 mode
    * 128K support
    * High resolution graphics (Micro-Labs or Radio Shack)
    * RS-232 communications
    * Virtual hard drive support
    * Hardware clock support
    * Mouse driver
    * Standalone file transfer utilities (TRSREAD and TRSWRITE)

  Registration costs only $49 (for e-mail delivery) or $54 (for postal mail
  delivery), and you can register by visiting my web site at:
    http://www.arrowweb.com/mkr

                                   ----------
  Matthew Reed
  http://www.arrowweb.com/mkr
  mkr@arrowweb.com
